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community violence prevention

Effective Community Violence Prevention Strategies

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by

Kenneth Keith
in

In FY2022, the Department of Justice started the Community Based Violence Intervention and Prevention Initiative (CVIPI). This was a big step towards stopping violent crime in communities. It supports programs that work well and are based on partnerships between many groups.

These groups include community residents, local agencies, victim services, and more. The goal is to make communities safer by using evidence-based methods. This approach helps build up community strength and works alongside the police.

Key Takeaways

  • The CVIPI initiative represents a historic federal investment in community-based violence intervention and prevention programs.
  • These comprehensive, evidence-based programs focus on partnerships between community stakeholders to address the root causes of violent crime.
  • Community violence intervention strategies aim to reduce violent crime and build community infrastructure as a complement to law enforcement.
  • Effective community violence prevention programs have shown promising results in reducing gun violence and homicides within the first 6-12 months of implementation.
  • Targeted public health solutions and community engagement are crucial for bringing effective violence prevention strategies to scale.

Introduction to Community Violence Prevention

Gun violence in places like streets, parks, and homes deeply affects the community. It causes trauma not just for those hurt, but also for those who see or know them. This is especially true in poor, segregated areas with few job chances. These places have faced racism and unfair policies for a long time.

Understanding the Issue of Community Gun Violence

Black Americans face gun violence at a much higher rate than whites, 14 times more. This shows the deep racial issues behind community violence.

Disproportionate Impact on Underserved Communities

Just 1.5% of the population lives in these poor areas, yet they see 26% of all gun deaths. For young Black and Latino men, murder is a leading cause of death. They face 3 to 7 times the risk of white peers, says the CDC.

Statistic Value
Firearm Homicide Victims from 1.5% of the Population 26%
Risk of Homicide for Young Black Men 3-7 times higher than white peers
Risk of Homicide for Young Latino Men 3-7 times higher than white peers

These facts show how critical it is to tackle gun violence with strong violence prevention plans. We need to fix the social, economic, and racial issues causing this crisis.

“Positive parent-youth relationships, academic success, and feeling connected at school can help stop youth from getting involved in gun violence, the Seattle Social Development Project found.”

The Need for Comprehensive Intervention and Prevention Efforts

For years, we’ve mainly used policing and jail to fight gun violence in poor areas. But, this hasn’t worked well. Now, we’re trying something new. Community violence intervention programs aim to lessen gun violence by working directly with people involved in it.

These community violence intervention programs work best when cities and states use a public health approach to prevention strategies. This means working together with community leaders, government, and health experts. They focus on the deep reasons behind violence and help individuals and families.

Young people, especially in Black and Latino communities, face a lot of violence. In 2021, over 15,000 young people died from homicide. Also, more than 700,000 young people went to the hospital every year for violence injuries.

“Addressing social and economic factors in people’s lives may help prevent community violence in current and future generations.”

Working together is key for community violence prevention. This includes government, justice, housing, health, and community groups. These efforts can really make a difference. They tackle the big issues that lead to violence and help people get the support they need.

Key Statistics Impact
Homicide is the second leading cause of death for youth ages 10 to 24, and the third leading cause of death for people 25 to 34. Community violence disproportionately affects young people, especially in marginalized communities.
Black, American Indian and Alaskan Native, and Hispanic/Latino individuals experience higher rates of homicide compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Systemic inequities and social determinants of health contribute to higher rates of violence in certain communities.
Living in communities experiencing violence is linked to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases and can hinder engagement in healthy behaviors. Community violence has far-reaching consequences, impacting individual and community health and well-being.

By focusing on community violence intervention and prevention strategies, we can stop the cycle of trauma. This helps build safer, healthier neighborhoods for everyone.

Strategies for Addressing Community Violence

To tackle community violence, we need a plan that covers many areas. Using data and getting the community involved is key. By focusing on those most at risk and using trusted voices, we can stop violence and make lasting changes.

Data-Driven Identification of High-Risk Individuals

Stopping violence starts with finding out who is most likely to be involved. This lets us help them before things get worse. It’s about understanding the reasons behind violence and offering support where it’s needed most.

  • The Department of Violence Prevention (DVP) in Oakland, California, works on preventing violence by helping families and healing communities.
  • DVP’s plan for 2016-2020 includes many services like healing programs, helping victims of gender-based violence, and working on gun violence.
  • Dr. Holly Joshi leads DVP with a strong background in stopping violence and working with communities. She used to run MISSSEY, an organization for survivors of violence.

Engaging with Credible Messengers and Community Outreach

Working with trusted community members is vital. They can reach out to those at high risk in a way that works. These people can help change behaviors and stop violence from happening.

Program Key Findings
Cure Violence After eight tests over 13 years, it showed big drops in shootings and killings.
Becoming a Man (BAM) Men in this program were 50% less likely to be arrested for violent crimes. They were also 35% less likely to be arrested overall and 25% more likely to stay in school, graduating on time more often.
READI Chicago Participants had 79% fewer arrests for shootings and homicides. This program really helped reduce violent acts.

By using data and credible voices, we can fight violence together. This approach helps us make real, lasting changes in our communities.

The Gun Violence Reduction Strategy (GVRS)

The Gun Violence Reduction Strategy (GVRS), also known as Ceasefire or Focused Deterrence, is a detailed plan to fight community gun violence. It uses data to find out who is most likely to be involved in gun violence. Then, it offers specific help to meet their needs.

Core Components of GVRS

The GVRS has four main parts:

  1. Data-Driven Identification: It uses detailed data to find out who is most at risk of gun violence.
  2. Direct Communication: It talks directly to these high-risk individuals. The goal is to show them the community’s stance against violence and the risks it brings.
  3. Intensive Services and Support: It offers a wide range of social services and life coaching to help these individuals change their paths.
  4. Focused Enforcement: As a last step, it uses targeted law enforcement on those who keep engaging in violence, even after being offered help.

Since starting in January 2022, GVRS has sent out 386 custom messages. It has connected 162 individuals at risk to social services by April 2024. The program has shown to be effective, with a 3% recidivism rate and a 5% rate of being revictimized.

“The GVRS collaborative approach includes engagement with a small number of group-involved individuals most likely to be involved in violence. The strategy focuses on supporting high-risk individuals in their daily lives to communicate community norms supporting safety and success while implementing swift, certain, and legitimate sanctions for violence.”

Identification of Program Participants

The Gun Violence Reduction Strategy (GVRS) uses data to find who is most likely to be in a shooting. It starts with a deep look at shootings and homicides over two to three years. This is called a Gun Violence Problem Analysis.

Then, Shooting Reviews are done every week to check out each shooting. These reviews spot shootings likely to lead to more violence. They help find people who might start or get caught in a cycle of revenge.

Gun Violence Problem Analysis

The Gun Violence Problem Analysis is key to the GVRS. It looks at many things, like:

  • Where and when shootings happen
  • Who gets hurt and who shoots
  • What kind of weapons are used
  • How violence might keep happening

Shooting Reviews and Risk Assessment

Shooting Reviews help spot who’s most likely to get caught in violence next. They look at:

  1. What happened during each recent shooting
  2. If there’s a chance of more violence
  3. Who might get hurt or start trouble

By using the Gun Violence Problem Analysis and Shooting Reviews, the GVRS can pinpoint who’s most at risk. This helps in making plans to stop violence before it starts.

Key Components Description
Gun Violence Problem Analysis Deep look at past shootings and homicides to spot patterns and risks
Shooting Reviews Weekly check of recent shootings to see if they might lead to more violence and find at-risk people
Risk Assessment Combining insights from analysis and reviews to see who’s most likely to be involved in violence

Direct and Respectful Communication

Stopping community violence often means talking directly and with respect to those at high risk. This way, they learn about the dangers and how to get help. Meetings called “Call-Ins” and “Custom Notifications” are used for this.

Call-Ins and Custom Notifications

Call-Ins gather high-risk people in a safe place to talk about violence and support options. It’s key to treat them with respect for these meetings to work. Custom Notifications offer the same message but in private talks with each person.

These methods help build trust and open communication. They give high-risk people a way to get the support they need. By being direct but respectful, programs can reach those most at risk and offer them better choices than violence.

“During an incident, information is as critically important to people as food or water. Successful warnings are those that are taken seriously and responded to in a timely and effective manner.”

How well these talks work depends on clear messages, trusted sources, and knowing the community well. By customizing their messages, programs can better engage with their audience.

As the U.S. faces gun violence, talking directly and respectfully to those at risk is crucial. This method helps build trust, connects people with important services, and can greatly improve safety.

Provision of Services and Support

After a Call-In or a Custom Notification, people at very high risk of gun violence get connected to services and support. The key is building a strong, trusting bond with a Life Coach or Violence Intervention Worker. These Credible Messengers have gone through similar things and can really connect with the high-risk individuals. This bond is the heart of the help given.

Life Coaches and Violence Intervention Workers, or Credible Messengers, are key in offering services and support. They’ve faced similar challenges, which helps them connect deeply with clients. They guide and mentor with a personal touch.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Programs

Along with life coaching, the program gives weekly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) sessions. CBT helps people change negative thoughts and actions linked to violence. It gives clients tools to make better choices and stop the cycle of violence.

Service Description
Life Coaches and Credible Messengers Individuals with similar lived experiences who develop intensive, personal relationships with high-risk clients to provide guidance and mentorship.
Financial Incentive Stipends Monthly stipends provided to clients for achieving certain milestones as part of the program.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Weekly therapy sessions aimed at identifying and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to violence.

“The Life Coaches and Credible Messengers are the heart and soul of our violence prevention efforts. They build trust, provide guidance, and help our clients envision a better future for themselves.”

Focused Enforcement as a Last Resort

The Gun Violence Reduction Strategy (GVRS) aims to reduce police presence by focusing on serious crimes. This means police avoid minor infractions and tactics that cause distrust. It’s all about building trust with the community.

For those who don’t stop violence, police and others keep a close watch. This is only done after someone has been violent. It’s seen as a last option.

This method is chosen to improve trust between police and the public. Heavy policing has often made things worse. By focusing on serious crimes, the GVRS shows it cares about safety and listens to the community.

In cities that have tried this, results are good. For instance, Boston saw a 63% drop in youth homicides. Oakland had 31% fewer gun homicides and 43% less group shootings.

Even so, using police power is a last choice in fighting violence. The GVRS wants to work with the community for safety and to stop violence.

Metric Impact
Homicide clearance rates Declined from 82% in 1976 to 55% in 2019, and further to 50% in 2020
Youth homicide reduction in Boston through focused deterrence 63%
Reduction in gun homicides in Oakland through focused deterrence 31%
Reduction in group-involved shootings in Oakland through focused deterrence 43%
Increase in percentage of homicides involving firearms from 2019 to 2020 73% to 77%
Clearance rate disparity based on victim race 63% for white victims, 47% for Black victims

Evaluating the Effectiveness of GVRS Programs

Group Violence Intervention (GVRS) programs work well when used right. They cut down on community violence by focusing on high-risk individuals. They do this through direct talks, offering help, and using enforcement only when needed.

In Baltimore’s Western District, GVRS made a big difference. Homicides fell by 20%, and non-fatal shootings dropped by 70% in October last year. Over seven years, these numbers went down by 50% and 80% respectively. These results show how GVRS can really help reduce violence.

“Approximately 64% of gun violence in Baltimore happens in the initial districts where the Group Violence Reduction Strategy (GVRS) was implemented.”

Baltimore’s crime rates stayed the same in 2022 as in 2021. But, the GVRS pilot helped prevent a 5% increase in violent crimes. This shows how important evidence-based strategies like GVRS are in fighting violence.

GVRS program data

Baltimore is expanding GVRS to all police areas by mid-2024. The goal is to spread the success seen in the Western District. This will help communities hit hard by gun violence.

Community Violence Intervention Programs in Action

In the U.S., community violence intervention (CVI) programs are changing lives. They work to stop the cycle of violence. They do this by helping those most at risk, offering support, and building community partnerships.

Successful CVI Implementations

The Center for Gun Violence Solutions at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is leading the way. They’ve set up violence prevention offices in Colorado and North Carolina. They’ve also helped get funding and support for CVI in New Mexico and Virginia.

They even looked at Baltimore’s CVI efforts and gave city agencies advice on how to improve.

Other CVI programs are also making a big difference:

  • Los Angeles’s GRYD program has cut down on gang-related violence. It’s led to about 27 fewer gang homicides and 87 fewer gang assaults each year.
  • Massachusetts’ Safe and Successful Youth Initiative (SSYI) has lowered gun-related homicides by over 20% in nine years. It also stopped over 800 violent crimes each year.

These programs show how working together can make a big impact. They involve law enforcement, service providers, and the community.

“In most cities, just 4 percent of city blocks account for roughly half of all violence.”

CVI programs focus on high-risk areas and people. This approach has led to a big drop in violent crimes. As more places use these methods, we could see a big change in safety and well-being.

The Role of Community Engagement and Partnerships

Effective programs to stop community violence need a lot of effort from many people and leaders. The Office of Justice Programs is working with others to give places the help they need to fight violence. They are doing this by working together.

This means working with people who live in the community, local government, groups that help victims, and others. By getting everyone involved, these efforts aim to find new ways to deal with gun violence in communities.

Studies show that getting communities involved is key to reducing violence among young people. Sharing power with partners is important for different levels of involvement. The Nashville Urban Partnership Academic Center of Excellence shows how working together can help prevent violence.

Looking at how power is shared among partners shows how different groups get involved. The level of involvement affects how well partnerships work and last. It also affects how well new, proven practices are used.

Engagement Level Key Characteristics Implications for Partnerships
Community Initiation Community-driven, grassroots efforts Potential for greater community ownership and sustainability
Collaboration Shared power and decision-making among partners Increased likelihood of adopting evidence-based practices

By getting people involved and working together, these efforts aim to find new ways to fight community gun violence.

Community Violence Prevention Initiatives and Public Policy

The Department of Justice launched the Community Based Violence Intervention and Prevention Initiative (CVIPI) in FY2022. This marks a big step in fighting community violence. It shows a shift towards using community groups alongside police to tackle gun violence.

Black Americans face a gun violence rate 14 times higher than whites. Programs aim to cut down gun violence in high-risk areas. They work with people caught in gun violence. Studies show these programs can save lives and lessen trauma.

States that have adopted Violence Intervention Program Funding policies States that have not adopted Violence Intervention Program Funding policies
  • Alaska
  • California
  • Colorado
  • Connecticut
  • Delaware
  • Florida
  • Georgia
  • Hawaii
  • Illinois
  • Indiana
  • Iowa
  • Kansas
  • Kentucky
  • Louisiana
  • Maryland
  • Massachusetts
  • Michigan
  • Minnesota
  • Missouri
  • Montana
  • Nebraska
  • Nevada
  • New Jersey
  • New Mexico
  • New York
  • North Carolina
  • North Dakota
  • Ohio
  • Oregon
  • Pennsylvania
  • Rhode Island
  • South Carolina
  • Tennessee
  • Texas
  • Utah
  • Vermont
  • Virginia
  • Washington
  • West Virginia
  • Wisconsin
  • Wyoming
  • Alabama
  • Arizona
  • Arkansas
  • Idaho
  • Maine
  • Mississippi
  • New Hampshire
  • Oklahoma
  • South Dakota

The Center for Gun Violence Solutions at Johns Hopkins has helped set up violence prevention offices in Colorado and North Carolina. They’ve also helped with state-level funding for community violence programs in New Mexico and Virginia. The Center supports violence reduction strategies in Baltimore by evaluating programs and giving advice to city agencies.

Cities like Baltimore, Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia have seen a drop in shootings and killings by over 30% with the Cure Violence model. Every dollar spent on this program can save cities up to $18 in medical and legal costs. Sacramento’s Advance Peace initiative cut down homicides and nonfatal shootings by 20% from 2018 to 2019, saving between $18 and $41 for every $1 spent.

Cities using group violence intervention have seen over 30% less shooting incidents. This shows how important these programs are in stopping gun violence. One shooting can lead to more, making it crucial to address this issue.

CVI programs are getting more attention after a rise in shootings and homicides. The American Rescue Plan gives funding for these efforts. Cities like New York and others are expanding or starting new CVI programs. With police budgets high, investing in community-based solutions is key.

“Every dollar invested in the Cure Violence program can lead to cities saving up to $18 in reduced medical and criminal legal system costs.”

Conclusion

Communities hit hard by gun violence face big challenges. But, research shows that with the right public health solutions, we can make a difference. These solutions can save lives and lessen the trauma caused by violence.

Effective strategies for stopping community violence are key. They need to be based on solid data and involve the community. This way, we can tackle the complex issue of violence head-on.

The effects of violence hit some communities harder than others. This highlights the need for quick action. By continuing to research and advocate, we can find and spread effective solutions. This includes the Gun Violence Reduction Strategy and programs that work directly with communities.

To make real change, we must work together. This means using a public health approach and building strong community partnerships. By doing so, we can create safer, fairer places for everyone. This approach is based on solid evidence and focuses on helping those most affected. It offers hope for ending violence and building a better future for all.

FAQ

What is the Community Based Violence Intervention and Prevention Initiative (CVIPI)?

The Community Based Violence Intervention and Prevention Initiative (CVIPI) is a new federal program started in FY2022. It aims to support programs that stop and prevent violence. These programs work together with community groups, local agencies, and others to help reduce violence.

How does community gun violence impact the broader community?

Gun violence in communities affects more than just the victims. It also impacts those who see or know the victims. This violence is often found in poor, segregated areas that have faced racism and unfair policies for a long time.

Why is a comprehensive, public health-based approach needed to address community violence?

Using police and prisons hasn’t solved the gun violence problem in these areas. It has even made things worse for some communities. Community violence programs aim to lessen violence by working with people likely to be involved in it.

How does the Gun Violence Reduction Strategy (GVRS) work?

The GVRS uses data to find who is most at risk of violence. Then, it offers help and support to these individuals. This includes talking to them directly, providing services, and using enforcement as a last option.

What role do credible messengers and life coaches play in community violence intervention programs?

Credible messengers, or life coaches, are people who have gone through similar things as those they help. They build strong, trusting relationships with those at high risk. This is key to the success of these programs.

How effective are community violence intervention programs in reducing gun violence?

Programs like GVRS have shown to greatly reduce violence. For example, in Boston, youth homicides fell by 63% after the program started.

What is the role of community engagement and partnerships in successful community violence intervention programs?

For these programs to work well, cities and states need to invest in them. They should bring together many groups, including residents, agencies, and organizations. This teamwork is crucial for success.

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