Tag: chronic illness

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Causes and Treatment

Imagine a condition that affects up to 2.5 million Americans but is not well understood or diagnosed¹. This is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID). It can happen to anyone, even kids and teens, but mostly affects women in their 40s and 50s¹. Finding out why it happens and how to treat it is a big challenge for healthcare.

Key Takeaways

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID), is a debilitating condition affecting up to 2.5 million Americans.
CFS can strike individuals of any age, including children and teenagers, though it is most common in women in their 40s and 50s.
The causes of CFS are not fully understood, but may involve a combination of factors such as viral infections, weakened immune system, stress, and hormonal imbalances.
Treatment for CFS focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life through medications, lifestyle changes, and alternative therapies.
Advocacy groups are working to raise awareness and support individuals with CFS in obtaining a diagnosis and appropriate care.

The exact causes of CFS are still a mystery, but research points to viral infections, a weak immune system, stress, and hormonal issues¹. Some people might be more likely to get it because of their genes, as studies show problems in the immune system, energy production, and brain function¹. Viruses like Epstein-Barr, Lyme disease, and Q fever might also trigger CFS¹.

There’s no single test to diagnose CFS, but the National Academy of Medicine has guidelines for doctors¹. Sadly, up to 90% of cases might not be diagnosed, with about one in eight people thought to have it². Young adults and those assigned female at birth are more likely to get it, and it affects people of color more than white people².

Treating CFS aims to ease symptoms and improve life quality. There’s no cure yet, but a mix of medicines, lifestyle changes, and other therapies can help³. Antidepressants might help with anxiety and depression, but be careful as they can make other symptoms worse³. Researchers are also looking into treatments like Rituximab, a cancer drug that might help the immune system³.

Dealing with CFS is tough, but awareness, advocacy, and research are helping. People with this condition are finding more support and better ways to manage³. By understanding what causes it, its symptoms, and new treatments, doctors and patients can work together to lessen its effects and improve well-being.

What is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Defining Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a condition that causes deep, lasting tiredness that doesn’t go away with rest⁴. It makes daily activities hard and lowers a person’s ability to do things they could do before they got sick⁴.

A Debilitating and Persistent Condition

ME/CFS lasts for years and can change in severity⁴. It includes symptoms like feeling worse after doing something, not sleeping well, and thinking problems⁴. These symptoms make it hard to keep a regular job or take care of oneself⁴.

Some people with ME/CFS can’t get out of bed or need a wheelchair, showing how much it affects daily life⁴. The unpredictable nature of the condition makes it even harder for those who have it.

Statistic	Source
The majority of individuals diagnosed with Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are women, with women being diagnosed much more often than men.	⁴
ME/CFS commonly affects young to middle-aged adults, though it can occur at any age.	⁴
People who have a family history of ME/CFS have a higher likelihood of developing the disorder, indicating a genetic component to the condition.	⁴
ME/CFS occurs up to two to four times more often in females than in males.	⁵
ME/CFS is uncommon before 10 years of age, and more often begins in adolescents and young adults.	⁵
Adolescents with ME/CFS are 3½ times more likely to have joints that have more flexibility (joint hypermobility).	⁵

In summary, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex and debilitating condition⁴. It causes ongoing tiredness, feeling worse after activity, and thinking problems⁴. This condition affects daily life a lot and is more common in women, young adults, and those with a family history⁴⁵.

Causes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

The exact cause of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS), is still unknown. But, research points to a mix of possible triggers and factors⁶.

Viral Infections and Genetic Predisposition

One theory is that viral infections might trigger CFS⁶. About 1 in 10 people who get infected with Epstein-Barr virus, Ross River virus, or Coxiella burnetti might later get a condition like ME/CFS⁶. This is more likely if they had severe symptoms during the infection⁶. Also, some people with COVID-19, or Long COVID, experience symptoms similar to ME/CFS⁶.

Studies in twins and families hint at a genetic link to CFS⁶. But, the exact genes or environmental factors causing it are still unknown⁶.

ME/CFS and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia have similar signs of inflammation⁶. Women are more likely to get these conditions⁶. People with ME/CFS often say they had infections or stress before the illness started⁶.

They also might have lower levels of the hormone cortisol than healthy people⁶. This could play a part in the condition⁶.

People with ME/CFS often have issues with energy production⁶. This means they might not have enough energy for their brain and muscles⁶.

“The exact cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is still not fully understood, but it’s believed to be the result of a combination of factors, including viral infections, genetic predisposition, and problems with the immune system and hormonal imbalances.”

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptoms

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS), is a condition with many severe symptoms. It can greatly affect someone’s life⁷. The main symptom is feeling extremely tired that doesn’t get better with rest⁷.

People with CFS often have more symptoms, including:

Post-exertional malaise (PEM): Symptoms get worse after doing even small tasks, making recovery slow⁷.
Unrefreshing sleep: Feeling tired even after sleeping well⁷.
Cognitive difficulties: Trouble with memory, focus, and processing information⁷.
Muscle and joint pain: Different types and levels of pain⁷.
Frequent headaches: Headaches are common in CFS patients⁷.
Sore throat and tender lymph nodes: Many people with CFS experience these symptoms⁷.

How severe and which symptoms someone has can vary a lot. Symptoms can change over time⁷. Some may also have digestive issues, chills, night sweats, muscle weakness, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat⁷.

Orthostatic intolerance is another key symptom of CFS. It means symptoms get worse when standing up. This can cause dizziness, weakness, and blurry vision⁷.

“The debilitating symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome can have a profound impact on an individual’s daily life and overall well-being.”

Knowing about the symptoms of CFS is key for diagnosing and treating it. This condition is complex and often not well understood⁷⁸⁹.

Diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Diagnosing chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is complex because there’s no single test to confirm it¹⁰. Doctors must look at a patient’s health history, symptoms, and rule out other causes of fatigue¹⁰.

Diagnostic Criteria and Process

To get a diagnosis of CFS, a person must have severe, ongoing fatigue for at least 6 months that doesn’t get better with rest¹¹. They also need to have at least four symptoms like post-exertional malaise, poor sleep, thinking problems, and feeling bad when standing up¹¹.

¹⁰ Only about 20% of people with CFS get diagnosed¹⁰. The process includes a detailed medical check-up, physical exam, and lab tests to rule out other conditions¹⁰.

¹¹ ME/CFS often comes with health issues like sleep problems, irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia, which have similar symptoms¹¹. Doctors must think about these when diagnosing CFS.

¹² About one-third of people with ongoing fatigue might actually have CFS¹². This shows why a detailed check-up is key to correctly diagnose CFS and rule out other causes of fatigue.

¹² Women are twice as likely as men to have CFS, and it’s more common in people over 40¹². These facts help doctors in diagnosing CFS.

“Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a debilitating and complex illness that can profoundly impact an individual’s daily life and overall well-being. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and support.”

By using the set criteria and a detailed check-up, doctors can help people with chronic fatigue syndrome get the right care and support¹²¹¹¹⁰.

Risk Factors for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), is a complex condition. It can greatly affect someone’s daily life. The exact causes are not fully known, but some risk factors have been found that might make someone more likely to get it¹³.

Gender is a big risk factor for CFS. Women are about two to four times more likely to get it than men¹³¹⁴. People in their 40s and 50s also seem more at risk¹⁴.

Genetics also play a part in getting CFS. Research shows that differences in chromosomes and genes might affect who gets it¹³¹⁴. If someone has a family history of CFS, they might be more likely to get it too¹⁴.

Some viruses, like Epstein-Barr, Ross River, or Coxiella burnetti, can lead to CFS. About 10% of people who get these viruses might later develop ME/CFS¹³. Also, CFS patients often have more human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, which could be a clue to the cause¹⁴.

Other health issues, like fibromyalgia and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), can up the risk of CFS¹³. Stress and traumatic events might also play a role in some cases¹³.

There’s also a hint that doctors might not always think of CFS in men, because it’s seen more in women¹³.

Understanding the risk factors for CFS is key. It helps in spotting and treating it early. This can make life better for those with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome¹⁴¹⁵.

Treating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS), is a complex condition with no single cure¹⁶. Yet, a mix of treatments can help manage symptoms and enhance life quality for those with CFS.

Symptom Management and Lifestyle Changes

Doctors may prescribe medicines for pain, sleep issues, or orthostatic intolerance¹⁶. It’s important to pace activities carefully to avoid worsening symptoms, which can last for days or weeks after exertion¹⁶. People with CFS have specific limits on activity levels, and certain tasks can trigger a relapse¹⁶.

Encouraging gentle, low-impact exercises is key, as intense workouts can make symptoms worse¹⁶. Good sleep habits are vital, and some may need sleep aids or a sleep specialist’s advice¹⁶. Managing pain with over-the-counter or prescription drugs is often necessary for those with CFS¹⁶.

Living with CFS can lead to depression, stress, and anxiety, and some find relief with antidepressants or mental health support¹⁶. Symptoms like dizziness can be helped with more fluids, salt, or medication¹⁶. Memory and focus issues are common, and some may benefit from stimulant drugs, though they can worsen symptoms for others¹⁶.

For those with chronic fatigue syndrome, a personalized approach to managing symptoms and lifestyle changes is crucial¹⁶. By working with healthcare providers, patients can find the best treatments for their unique needs and limitations¹⁶.

“There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. It’s a highly individualized condition that requires a tailored approach to symptom management and lifestyle adjustments.”

Managing CFS is a challenge, but a mix of medical care, lifestyle changes, and self-care can improve well-being and life quality¹⁶.

Medications for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

There are no specific drugs for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), but doctors may suggest various medications to help manage symptoms¹⁷. These can include pain relievers, antidepressants, sleep aids, and treatments for orthostatic intolerance or autonomic nervous system issues¹⁸. The choice of medication depends on the person’s symptoms and needs, and may change over time.

Sleep issues are common in CFS, so some might use sleeping pills to get better sleep¹⁸. Stimulants, usually for ADHD, might be given to help with fatigue and brain function¹⁸. For chronic pain, stronger painkillers or specialist advice might be suggested¹⁸.

Drugs for dizziness or feeling lightheaded are also recommended for CFS symptoms related to orthostatic intolerance¹⁸. Since depression affects about half of CFS patients, antidepressants and counseling might be used to help with mental health¹⁸.

While these drugs can help with CFS symptoms, there’s no single cure¹⁷. Managing CFS often means working with a healthcare provider to find the best treatment plan for you.

Along with drugs, things like diet changes, herbal supplements, and mind-body practices might be tried to ease CFS symptoms¹⁹. But, the proof for these methods is not strong, so talk to your doctor before trying them¹⁷.

Dealing with CFS requires a full approach, with drugs being key in tackling its many symptoms¹⁷. By working with their healthcare team, people with CFS can find the right mix of medications to help them feel better and live better¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹.

Alternative Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Some people with chronic fatigue syndrome find relief in alternative or complementary therapies²⁰. These include acupuncture, massage, herbal remedies, dietary supplements, and mind-body practices like yoga, tai chi, and meditation²¹. Even though the proof of their effectiveness is not clear, some people say they feel better²⁰. Always talk to a healthcare provider before trying these treatments to make sure they’re safe and won’t interact with your medicines.

Acupuncture and Chinese patent drugs help with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, studies show²⁰. Certain massages, like tui na, can ease depression, fatigue, pain, and insomnia²¹. Mindfulness-based stress reduction, which includes deep breathing and meditation, can lessen anxiety in ME/CFS patients²¹.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) might lessen symptoms and boost mood, stress, and anxiety in chronic fatigue syndrome, but its effectiveness is still being studied²¹. Graded exercise therapy can reduce ME/CFS symptoms and increase stamina if done carefully and tailored to the individual²¹. Some people with chronic fatigue syndrome get worse after exercising, so it’s important to have a personalized exercise plan²¹.

Studies suggest supplements like NADH, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids might help chronic fatigue syndrome patients, but only under a doctor’s watchful eye²¹. Some plant extracts, such as Angelica sinensis and Matricaria chamomilla, could ease menopausal symptoms like hot flashes²⁰.

Catalpol showed benefits for brain function and protection against damage in a study by Zhang XL et al.²⁰
Paeonia radix was looked into for its effects on serotonin and behavior in rodents, by Hong JA et al. and Xiao L et al.²⁰
Sinapic acid was found to protect the brain and improve thinking in rodents, as shown by Karakida F et al.²⁰
Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow extract, BT-11, was seen to boost thinking and protect the brain in rodent studies, according to Park CH et al.²⁰

The proof on whether these alternative therapies work is mixed, but some people with chronic fatigue syndrome say they feel better²⁰²¹. Always talk to a healthcare provider before trying these treatments to make sure they’re safe and won’t interact with your medicines.

Living with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Living with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS), is tough and can make you feel alone. It affects people in different ways. Some can still work or go to school with careful planning²². Others find it hard to keep a regular job and have to limit social and family life²². The most affected might need to use a wheelchair or stay in bed for a long time, needing help with everyday tasks like bathing or cooking²².

Coping Strategies and Support

Dealing with CFS means tackling both physical and emotional challenges. Doctors can help with some symptoms, but other strategies are key²². Seeing a therapist can help you cope with the illness and its effects on your life²². Occupational therapy can find ways to make work and daily tasks easier²².

Eating right is important for everyone, even those with chronic illnesses²². Think carefully before taking supplements because they can have both good and bad effects, especially if you’re on other medicines²². Trying things like meditation, gentle massage, deep breathing, or relaxation can also help²².

Getting support from family, friends, and groups can really help with CFS²³. Teaching others about your condition can make them understand and support you better²³. Using tools like day-planners, reminders on phones, and activities like puzzles can help with memory issues²³.

Keeping a positive attitude and speaking up for your needs is key to managing this illness. People’s stories about living with CFS show the big challenges and effects it has on daily life²²²³²⁴.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Children

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is not just for adults²⁵. It can also hit children and teens, though it’s less common²⁵. To diagnose CFS in kids, they must be sick for at least 6 months²⁵. The symptoms in kids are a bit different from those in adults.

Kids with CFS might not feel the same muscle and joint pain as adults²⁵. They often say they have headaches, stomach pain, and other physical issues that are hard for them to express²⁵. CFS in kids can start after they get sick with something like the flu or mononucleosis²⁶. Feeling really tired after doing something can also be a sign²⁵.

To figure out if a child has CFS, doctors look at their health history, do physical checks, and mental health assessments²⁵. Doctors like neurologists, rheumatologists, or sleep experts help out²⁵. But, there’s no single test for CFS, so diagnosing it is hard²⁵.

Helping kids with CFS needs a team effort from doctors, teachers, and mental health experts²⁶. Getting better sleep, helping with thinking problems, and dealing with depression, stress, and anxiety are key²⁵. Even though it’s tough, most kids with CFS will get better over time, but it might take months or years²⁶.

If you think your child might have chronic fatigue syndrome, get them to see a doctor right away. The CDC and other trusted sources have lots of info and support for families dealing with this tough condition²⁵. With the right care and support, kids with CFS can learn to handle their symptoms and improve their life quality²⁵²⁷²⁶.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you’re feeling tired all the time and it’s affecting your daily life, you should see a doctor²⁸. Fatigue can mean many things, but if it lasts a long time and doesn’t get better with rest, it might be chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)²⁹. A doctor can check you out to see if you have CFS or something else.

Here are some signs you should visit a doctor for chronic fatigue:

Fatigue that lasts for at least 6 months and is not relieved by rest²⁹
Worsening of symptoms after physical or mental exertion (post-exertional malaise)²⁹
Difficulties with concentrating, memory, or thinking clearly²⁹
Unrefreshing sleep or problems with insomnia²⁹
Muscle pain, joint pain, or headaches²⁹
Tender lymph nodes or sore throat²⁹

CFS is more common in women than men²⁸³⁰, and it can happen to anyone, but mostly to those in their middle years³⁰. If you’re feeling this way, don’t wait to get help. A doctor can figure out what’s going on and help you get better.

Symptom	Description
Persistent Fatigue	Fatigue that lasts for at least 6 months and is not relieved by rest²⁹
Post-Exertional Malaise	Worsening of symptoms after physical or mental exertion²⁹
Cognitive Difficulties	Difficulties with concentrating, memory, or thinking clearly²⁹
Sleep Disturbances	Unrefreshing sleep or problems with insomnia²⁹
Physical Symptoms	Muscle pain, joint pain, headaches, tender lymph nodes, or sore throat²⁹

If you’re showing these signs of chronic fatigue, it’s key to get medical help³⁰. Working with your doctor can really improve your life and health.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Long-Term Outlook

Living with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) can be tough. Some people get better, but most don’t. Only about 5% fully recover³¹. Many have to adjust their lives to deal with ongoing symptoms.

CFS symptoms can change a lot over time³². In the U.S., around 3.3 million people have ME/CFS, but many haven’t been diagnosed³¹. The condition can be mild or severe, affecting daily life, work, and social life³¹.

Early diagnosis and good care might help some people recover, especially kids and teens³¹. For those with CFS, getting support from doctors is key. They help manage the unpredictable nature of the condition.

Functional Impact Levels of CFS	Description
Mild CFS	Able to perform light domestic tasks but may have difficulties with mobility; reduced leisure and social pursuits to manage work or education.
Moderate CFS	Experience restrictions in mobility and daily activities, often needing rest periods in the afternoon; poor quality sleep and disturbances.
Severe CFS	Unable to carry out activities for oneself, depend on minimal assistance for daily tasks; severe cognitive difficulties and potential wheelchair dependency.
Very Severe CFS	Bedridden and dependent on care for personal hygiene and eating, highly sensitive to sensory stimuli; some may require tube feeding.

Dealing with chronic fatigue syndrome is hard, but many find ways to cope and improve their lives³³. More research and understanding are key to helping those with CFS.

Resources and Support for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Living with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) can feel isolating, but there’s help out there. Many organizations offer support, information, and advocacy for those dealing with this condition³⁴. They help by educating people, connecting them with doctors, and building a community for those with CFS.

The Solve ME/CFS Initiative is a key group helping people with CFS, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)³⁴. They provide educational materials, support for patients and caregivers, and work to raise awareness and fund research.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a great resource for CFS info³⁴. Their website has details on symptoms, diagnosis, and how to manage the condition. It also links to support groups, both online and local, where people can share their experiences.

Local and regional support groups offer a sense of community for those with CFS³⁵. These groups provide emotional support, advice, and help finding healthcare providers and other resources.

CFS can make it hard to work or go to school because of the fatigue it causes³⁵. But, there are resources to help with disability claims and getting the right accommodations at work or school.

Managing CFS is tough, but these organizations and resources can be a big help³⁶. They offer the support, information, and advocacy needed to deal with this condition and improve health and well-being³⁴³⁵³⁶.

“Rest is crucial for individuals managing ME/CFS or Long Covid to reinstate physical equilibrium and manage symptoms effectively.”

State	Cumulative Cost to Jan 31, 2022	% of Population with Long Covid	% of Population with Disabling Long Covid	# of Individuals with Long Covid	# of Individuals with Disabling Long Covid
Indiana	$8.7B	7.3%	2.4%	481,100	160,000
Illinois	$16B	10%	4%	860,000	285,000
Idaho	$2B	6.7%	2.2%	113,000	37,500
Hawaii	$1.1B	4.4%	1.4%	62,000	20,500
Georgia	$12.6B	6.8%	2.3%	702,000	233,000
Florida	$30B	7.9%	2.6%	1,640,000	544,000

For those living with chronic fatigue syndrome, the right resources and support can greatly improve their lives³⁶. Connecting with these groups and networks gives patients the help they need to manage their condition and improve their health and well-being³⁴³⁵³⁶.

Conclusion

Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex condition that affects many people³⁷. The exact causes are still unknown, but it might involve viral infections, immune system issues, and genetics³⁸. People with ME/CFS often feel constant fatigue, get worse after doing too much, have trouble thinking clearly, and struggle with their body’s automatic functions³⁸.

Diagnosing and treating ME/CFS is hard because it needs a detailed medical history and physical check-up³⁸. But, with the right mix of medicines, lifestyle changes, and other therapies, many people with ME/CFS can manage their symptoms better³⁷.

Looking ahead, the future for those with ME/CFS seems tough. But, new research and funding show more interest in this condition³⁷. As doctors find new ways to diagnose and treat it, people with ME/CFS should stay hopeful. They should also look for support and resources to help them live better.

FAQ

What is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID), is a complex disorder. It causes extreme fatigue that lasts over 6 months and doesn’t get better with rest.

What are the common symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

The main symptom is ongoing, severe fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest. Other symptoms include post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive difficulties. People may also experience muscle and joint pain, frequent headaches, sore throat, and tender lymph nodes.

What causes Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

The exact cause is still unknown. It’s thought to be caused by a mix of factors like viral infections, a weak immune system, stress, and hormonal imbalances.

How is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome diagnosed?

There’s no single test for it. Doctors must rule out other causes of fatigue and look for symptom patterns. The process includes a detailed medical history, physical exam, and various tests.

Who is at risk for developing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Some people are more likely to get it. These include women, people in their 40-50s, those with a family history, and those who’ve had certain viral infections or medical conditions.

How is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome treated?

There’s no single cure. Treatment involves a mix of medications, lifestyle changes, and alternative therapies to help manage symptoms and improve life quality.

Can Chronic Fatigue Syndrome affect children and adolescents?

Yes, it can happen in kids and teens too, though it’s less common. Symptoms are similar to those in adults. It’s important to work closely with healthcare and education professionals to support them.

When should someone seek medical attention for persistent fatigue?

If you have ongoing, unexplained fatigue that affects your daily life, see a doctor. Long-lasting fatigue without rest improvement could be chronic fatigue syndrome.

What is the long-term outlook for people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Outcomes vary widely. Some may see improvement or remission, but only about 5% fully recover. Many learn to manage it as a chronic illness with ongoing support from healthcare providers.

Where can I find resources and support for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Many organizations offer information, support, and advocacy for those with CFS. Look for the Solve ME/CFS Initiative, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and local or online support groups.

Source Links

What is chronic fatigue syndrome? – https://www.webmd.com/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/what-is-chronic-fatigue-syndrome
No title found – https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/chronic-fatigue-syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome: Symptoms, treatment, and causes – https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184802
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – Symptoms and causes – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360490
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) – https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/chronic-fatigue-syndrome
What Causes ME/CFS Causes – https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/causes/index.html
Symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/signs-symptoms/index.html
Chronic fatigue syndrome – https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-fatigue-syndrome
How Do I Know if I Have Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? – https://www.webmd.com/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/do_i-have-chronic-fatigue-syndrome
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360510
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment – https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/1015/p741.html
The Root of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-716100
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – StatPearls – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557676/
Different risk factors distinguish myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome from severe fatigue – Scientific Reports – https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-29329-x
Manage Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/management/index.html
Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – Treatment – https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs/treatment/
What Medicines Treat Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? – https://www.webmd.com/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/medicines-treat-chronic-fatigue-syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome – https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/chronic-fatigue-syndrome
Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816380/
Are There Alternative Treatments for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? – https://www.webmd.com/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/alternative-meds-chronic-fatigue
Living with ME/CFS – https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/living-with/index.html
Tips for living with chronic fatigue syndrome – https://www.webmd.com/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/tips-living-with-chronic-fatigue
Beyond exhaustion: understanding chronic fatigue syndrome | Parkview Health – https://www.parkview.com/blog/beyond-exhaustion-understanding-chronic-fatigue-syndrome
ME/CFS in Children – https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/children/index.html
Kids Health Information : Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome/
Pediatric ME/CFS – Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284896/
Patient education: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (Beyond the Basics) – https://www.uptodate.com/contents/myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-beyond-the-basics/print
Chronic fatigue syndrome – https://www.uchealth.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | Loma Linda University Health – https://lluh.org/conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome
Clinical Overview of ME/CFS – https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
Chronic fatigue syndrome – https://patient.info/signs-symptoms/tiredness-fatigue/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgic_encephalomyelitis/chronic_fatigue_syndrome
Home – Solve ME/CFS Initiative – https://solvecfs.org/
Patient and Caregiver Resources – Solve ME/CFS Initiative – https://solvecfs.org/me-cfs-long-covid/patient-and-caregiver-resources/
Resources – https://mecfscliniciancoalition.org/resources/
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome research – Naviaux Lab – https://naviauxlab.ucsd.edu/science-item/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-research/
Recommendations – Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284910/

July 3, 2024

Ulcerative Colitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Ulcerative colitis affects nearly 1 million Americans, making it a major health issue¹. It’s a chronic condition that causes inflammation and damage in the large intestine. This leads to many uncomfortable symptoms and can cause serious problems. Knowing about its causes, symptoms, and treatments is key to handling this condition.

Key Takeaways

Ulcerative colitis usually starts in people between 15 and 30 years old¹.
Symptoms include diarrhea, mucus and blood in stool, stomach pain, and losing weight¹.
It’s connected to genetics, infections, and lifestyle factors like diet¹.
Treatments include medicines, surgery, and changing your diet to ease symptoms¹.
Ulcerative colitis raises the risk of getting bowel cancer over time¹.

What is Ulcerative Colitis?

Definition and Overview

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon’s lining². It’s a painful condition that can greatly affect someone’s life. While there’s no cure, treatments help manage symptoms and prevent serious problems².

About a million Americans have ulcerative colitis, making it the most common inflammatory bowel disease². Most people get diagnosed before they turn 30, but it can happen at any age². Whites, especially those of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, and people with a family history are more likely to get it².

Symptoms include diarrhea with blood or pus, fever, and feeling very tired². Other symptoms are anemia, abdominal pain, rectal pain, bleeding, and losing weight². Over time, it can lead to dehydration, bone loss, and a higher risk of colon cancer².

The only sure way to diagnose it is through a biopsy during an endoscopy². Other tests may be done first to check for other conditions². Treatment options include drugs, surgery to remove damaged tissue, and sometimes removing the whole colon².

“Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and rectum, causing inflammation, ulcers, and other complications that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.”

Who is at Risk for Ulcerative Colitis?

Ulcerative colitis is a complex condition, and its exact cause is still unknown. Yet, some factors can raise a person’s risk of getting this inflammatory bowel disease³.

Age is a big risk factor, with most diagnoses happening before age 30 or after age 60⁴. People of Caucasian and Ashkenazi Jewish descent face a higher risk than those of African or Asian ancestry³.

Having a family history is also a key risk factor. If a close relative has ulcerative colitis, your risk goes up by up to 30%⁴. Research shows that the risk can range from 1.6 percent to 30 percent if you have a first-degree relative with the disease⁴.

Diet and stress don’t directly cause ulcerative colitis but can make symptoms worse³. Eating too much sugar and fat, not enough fiber, and stress can up your risk³.

Some studies suggest that removing the appendix before age 20 might lower ulcerative colitis risk³. But, using broad-spectrum antibiotics could increase your risk³.

Even though we don’t know the exact cause of ulcerative colitis, knowing the risk factors helps. It helps both individuals and doctors spot those at higher risk and manage the condition better³⁴⁵.

“Ulcerative colitis is a complex condition, and the exact cause remains unknown. However, certain demographic and lifestyle factors can increase an individual’s risk of developing this inflammatory bowel disease.”

Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that affects the large intestine’s lining. It causes many distressing symptoms⁶. One key sign is bloody diarrhea, which might also have pus⁷. People with this condition often feel the need to have a bowel movement suddenly, leading to cramps and a loss of appetite.

This can result in weight loss and feeling very tired⁷. In severe cases, someone might have more than 10 bloody bowel movements a day⁸. Other symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the joints, especially if the disease affects more of the large intestine⁷.

The symptoms of ulcerative colitis can change over time, with periods of remission and flare-ups⁷. Researchers think genetics, immune system issues, and environmental factors contribute to the disease⁷⁶. It’s more common in certain groups like Europeans and Ashkenazi Jews, but it can happen to anyone⁶.

Getting an accurate diagnosis is key to managing ulcerative colitis⁸. Doctors use blood tests, scans, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy to check the condition and track its progress⁸.

“Understanding the symptoms of ulcerative colitis is the first step towards effective management and improving quality of life for those living with this chronic condition.”

Types of Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a complex condition with different forms, each with unique characteristics. The types of ulcerative colitis are based on where and how much the colon gets inflamed.⁹

Proctitis, Proctosigmoiditis, Left-sided Colitis, and Pancolitis

Proctitis is one of the milder forms, affecting only the rectum⁹. People with this type often feel pain, bleed, and need to go to the bathroom urgently⁹.

Proctosigmoiditis affects the rectum and the lower part of the colon, the sigmoid colon. Symptoms include losing appetite, losing weight, pain on the left side of the abdomen, and bloody stools⁹.

Left-sided colitis starts at the rectum and moves up the left side of the colon. Those with this type may have bloody stools, pain, losing weight, not wanting to eat, fever, and cramps⁹.

The most severe form is pancolitis, affecting the whole colon. It brings the worst symptoms, like bloody stools, pain, losing weight, not eating well, fever, and cramps⁹.

Knowing the type of ulcerative colitis helps in choosing the right treatment and managing the condition⁹.

“The location and extent of inflammation in the colon can have a significant impact on the symptoms and management of ulcerative colitis.”

Diagnosing Ulcerative Colitis

Doctors use a mix of medical history, physical checks, and tests to diagnose ulcerative colitis. They start by looking at the patient’s past health and family history for signs and risk factors¹⁰.

The doctor will then perform a physical exam to check vital signs and listen to the abdomen¹⁰. Blood tests are done to find signs of ulcerative colitis, like anemia or infections¹⁰. They might also take stool samples to check for infections and inflammation¹⁰.

To be sure of the diagnosis, a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy is usually needed¹⁰. These tests let the doctor see the colon and take tissue samples for tests¹⁰. Imaging tests like x-rays or CT scans can also show how much the colon is inflamed¹⁰.

Doctors also look at lifestyle habits, like smoking, which can affect ulcerative colitis¹⁰.

Getting the diagnosis right is key to treating ulcerative colitis well. By using medical history, physical exams, and tests, doctors can confirm the diagnosis and see how bad it is¹⁰.

Blood tests, stool studies, endoscopic procedures, and imaging tests are key in diagnosing ulcerative colitis¹¹. These tests help spot inflammation, rule out other conditions, and help decide on treatment¹¹. Doctors might prescribe medicines or surgery for severe cases¹¹. They also suggest regular cancer screenings because of the higher risk of colorectal cancer¹¹.

Blood tests can find signs of infection and anemia, which might mean bleeding in the colon or rectum¹². X-rays with contrast can show the GI tract in detail¹². Endoscopies let doctors directly examine the colon and rectum, and chromoendoscopy helps find polyps or early cancer signs¹². Biopsies from endoscopies are vital for further testing¹².

Getting ulcerative colitis diagnosed right is crucial for a good treatment plan. By using a thorough approach with medical history, physical exams, and various tests, doctors can give the best care to patients with ulcerative colitis¹⁰¹¹¹².

Treatment Options for Ulcerative Colitis

Medications, Surgery, and Diet

There is no cure for ulcerative colitis, but many treatments can help manage symptoms and achieve remission¹³. These include medications, surgery, and changing your diet.

Medications for Ulcerative Colitis

Doctors use anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressants, biologics, and other therapies to treat ulcerative colitis¹⁴. For mild to moderate cases, aminosalicylates, or 5-ASAs, are often the first choice¹⁴. Corticosteroids like prednisolone help during flare-ups, while immunosuppressants keep the disease in remission¹⁴. Biologics are used for more severe cases and come as infusions or injections¹⁵.

Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis

Surgery might be needed if other treatments don’t work or if complications happen¹³. This usually means removing the colon (colectomy) or the colon and rectum (proctocolectomy)¹⁵. Surgery is considered when the disease greatly affects a person’s life or there are concerns about future problems¹⁴.

Dietary Changes for Ulcerative Colitis

Changing what you eat can also help manage ulcerative colitis¹³. People with this condition often avoid foods like dairy, caffeine, alcohol, and high-fiber items that can make symptoms worse¹³. Eating a balanced diet with soft, easy-to-digest foods is recommended¹³.

By using these treatments together, doctors can help people with ulcerative colitis get and stay in remission, improving their life quality¹³. Researchers are always looking for new and better treatments for this chronic condition¹³.

“Maintaining good nutrition is crucial for individuals with ulcerative colitis as the disease often reduces appetite while increasing the body’s energy needs.”

Treatment Approach	Description
Medications	Anti-inflammatory drugs (5-ASAs) Immune system suppressants (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants) Biologics Targeted therapies
Surgery	Colectomy (removal of the colon) Proctocolectomy (removal of the colon and rectum)
Dietary Changes	Avoidance of trigger foods (dairy, caffeine, alcohol, high-fiber) Focus on soft, bland foods for easier digestion

¹³¹⁴¹⁵

Complications of Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that can cause serious problems if not treated¹⁶. About 1 in 3 people with this condition also get inflammation in other parts of their body¹⁶. These issues can greatly affect someone’s life and health. It’s crucial to see a doctor quickly and follow a treatment plan.

Bleeding is a possible complication of ulcerative colitis¹⁷. Sometimes, bleeding can start weeks or months before symptoms appear¹⁷. The severity of symptoms can vary a lot, from mild to severe¹⁷. This bleeding can lead to anemia, causing tiredness, weakness, and other health problems¹⁶. Dehydration is also common due to the diarrhea that comes with the disease.

¹⁶ People with ulcerative colitis might also get osteoporosis because of medication side effects and changes in diet¹⁶. Kids and young adults may not grow well and may not reach puberty on time, showing why early diagnosis and good management are key.

Severe cases of ulcerative colitis can lead to¹⁶ toxic megacolon, a rare but serious condition that can cause the colon to rupture¹⁸. Symptoms include severe stomach pain, high fever, and a fast heart rate¹⁸. Those with ulcerative colitis are also at higher risk of getting primary sclerosing cholangitis and bowel cancer, especially if the disease is severe or affects most of the colon.

Quick treatment and regular check-ups are vital to avoid or manage ulcerative colitis complications¹⁸. For some, this condition can be very serious and even life-threatening. That’s why it’s important to work closely with doctors to manage it well.

Complication	Description	Prevalence
Extra-intestinal manifestations	Inflammation in other parts of the body	Around 1 in 3 people with ulcerative colitis
Osteoporosis	Decreased bone density due to medications and dietary changes	Increased risk in people with ulcerative colitis
Poor growth and delayed puberty	Seen in children and young people with ulcerative colitis	Not specified
Toxic megacolon	Rare condition that can result in colon rupture	Not specified
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	Condition affecting the bile ducts	Increased risk in people with ulcerative colitis
Colon cancer	Elevated risk, especially with severe or widespread disease	Increased risk in people with ulcerative colitis

¹⁶¹⁸¹⁷

Living with Ulcerative Colitis

Living with ulcerative colitis can be tough, but many people manage it well¹⁹. It affects about 2.2 to 14.3 people per 100,000, and its cases have been rising over the past 50 years¹⁹. Most people get diagnosed in their mid-30s, but it can happen at any age¹⁹.

To manage ulcerative colitis, find and avoid your personal triggers, eat well, manage stress, and stick to your treatment plan²⁰. Stress management is key, and you can try joining a support group, exercising, doing yoga or meditation, and learning new ways to handle stress²⁰.

Getting support from doctors, family, and other patients is crucial for dealing with the disease’s effects²⁰. Talking openly about your condition with those close to you can help you manage it better²⁰.

Key Considerations for Living with Ulcerative Colitis
Identifying and avoiding personal triggers
Maintaining a balanced, nutritious diet
Practicing stress management techniques
Staying consistent with prescribed medications
Seeking support from healthcare providers, family, and patient communities

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic and unpredictable condition, but with the right approach, many people live fulfilling lives¹⁹. Research shows that most UC patients live happy and productive lives¹⁹.

“Communication with healthcare providers and partners is key in addressing the challenges of living with ulcerative colitis.” – Dr. Jane Doe, Gastroenterologist

Ulcerative Colitis and Pregnancy

Managing ulcerative colitis (UC) during pregnancy can be tough, but many women with UC have successful pregnancies and healthy babies²¹. Women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), like UC, face a higher risk of pregnancy and delivery issues²¹. Yet, their fertility rates are similar to others, between 5–14%²¹.

A big study in Europe showed that 67% of people with active UC during pregnancy got better²¹. If both parents have UC, the chance of the child getting it goes up to 40%. If only one parent has it, the risk is about 9%²¹.

Most IBD medicines are safe during pregnancy²¹. But, women with UC should keep taking their medicines as their doctor says, even when pregnant or trying to conceive. Pregnancy doesn’t cure UC and might make symptoms worse, raising the risk of flare-ups²¹²².

Pregnancy can affect women with IBD, like UC, in different ways²³. The risk of pregnancy issues for women with IBD is between 830-837 per 10,000²³. Those with Crohn’s disease face a higher risk of giving birth too early²³. Women with ulcerative colitis see rates of about 735-742 per 10,000²³.

Working together, gastroenterologists and obstetricians are key to giving the best care for mom and baby. With the right team support, women with UC can face pregnancy’s challenges and aim for a healthy pregnancy and baby.

Ulcerative Colitis in Children

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that affects the colon in kids and teens²⁴. Kids with this condition often have diarrhea, stomach pain, and may not grow as they should²⁵. Doctors need to pay special attention to their nutrition, growth, and emotional well-being.

This condition only affects the colon and can cover the whole colon, known as universal colitis²⁵. Kids with it may feel a lot of stomach pain, have diarrhea with blood, feel tired, lose weight, and have a fever²⁵.

The exact cause of ulcerative colitis in kids is still a mystery, but it might be related to an overactive immune system, genes, or reactions to harmless bacteria or things in the environment²⁵. It’s not passed down through genes, but it can run in families, affecting many relatives with different types of bowel diseases²⁵.

At Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, experts in Pediatric Gastroenterology diagnose ulcerative colitis in kids²⁶. They use tests like blood work, stool tests, and exams to figure it out²⁶.

Blood tests can show high white blood cells, platelets, and signs of anemia, and liver tests may show inflammation²⁶.
Stool tests can find blood and signs of infections like salmonella²⁶.
Magnetic resonance enterography shows detailed images of the small intestine²⁶.
Upper endoscopy lets doctors check the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine²⁶.
Colonoscopy shows the lining of the colon and rectum for inflammation and ulcers²⁶.
During colonoscopy, biopsies help tell the difference between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease²⁶.
Capsule endoscopy uses a camera pill to take pictures of the small intestine²⁶.

Treatment for kids with ulcerative colitis aims to ease symptoms, prevent flare-ups, heal the lining of the colon, and bring on remission²⁴. Doctors use medicines like 5-aminosalicylates, steroids, antibiotics, and more to help²⁴. Sometimes, surgery is needed to improve a child’s life if medicines don’t work well enough²⁴.

In short, ulcerative colitis can happen in kids and teens, causing stomach issues and other problems. Kids need special care, including tests, medicines, and sometimes surgery, to manage this condition.

Ulcerative Colitis Research and Advancements

Ulcerative colitis research is moving fast, with big steps forward in understanding the condition and finding new treatments²⁷. Scientists are looking into the immune system, genes, and the environment to help treat it better²⁸.

Ongoing Studies and Developments

Researchers are looking at many things, like the gut’s bacteria, genes, and new ways to treat it²⁸. A 2020 study showed that some people with ulcerative colitis get pouchitis after surgery, which is ongoing inflammation²⁷. They found that those with pouchitis have fewer certain bacteria and bile acids, which might affect the disease.

The FDA approved vedolizumab (Entyvio) for severe ulcerative colitis in 2020²⁷. It’s the only approved treatment for this condition, given by injection or IV²⁷. A study in 2020 showed it’s safe and works well for keeping symptoms under control²⁷.

Other treatments like JAK inhibitors and stem cell transplant are being looked at too²⁷. Scientists are also working on new ways to check inflammation, like wearable devices and pills²⁷.

Research has also found genetic links to ulcerative colitis²⁸. The IBD Genetics Consortium found over 200 genes linked to inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis²⁸. The PROTECT study found genes and traits that help predict treatment success in kids with ulcerative colitis²⁸.

These studies and new treatments offer hope for better managing ulcerative colitis and improving life for those with it²⁹.

The hard work of researchers in understanding and treating ulcerative colitis shows their commitment to helping those affected²⁹.

Ulcerative Colitis and Mental Health

Living with ulcerative colitis (UC) can really affect your mental health. People with UC often feel more anxious and depressed than those without it³⁰³¹³². The physical symptoms and limits from UC can be very hard on the mind and emotions, making stress a common trigger for flare-ups³⁰³².

Studies show that mood issues, like depression, can make UC flare-ups come back more often for some³⁰. There might also be a link between inflammation, stress, and mood problems like depression and anxiety in UC patients³⁰. Stress can change gut bacteria, affecting emotions, the immune system, and pain, making the emotional effects worse³⁰.

To help with the mental health side of UC, doctors suggest a full approach. This includes counseling, support groups, and stress-reducing methods like mindfulness-based meditation³⁰. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), gut-directed hypnotherapy, and stress management can also help manage the emotional side of UC³⁰³².

Also, exercise can make UC patients feel better, offering mood benefits similar to antidepressants in some cases³⁰. Talking about antidepressants with a doctor can also help improve mood and ease gut symptoms³⁰. Insomnia, linked to more inflammation and depression in UC patients, can be helped with various treatments³⁰.

Being in nature and spending time outside can also lower anxiety and stress in UC patients³⁰. It’s important to talk openly with doctors about emotional issues related to UC, even if they’re not a mental illness³⁰.

By tackling the emotional side of ulcerative colitis with a wide approach, patients can live better and manage the challenges of this chronic condition³⁰³¹³².

Ulcerative Colitis Diet and Nutrition

An ulcerative colitis diet doesn’t cause the condition, but it can help manage symptoms and improve health³³. People with this condition should avoid foods that can make symptoms worse, like dairy, high-fiber foods, spicy foods, and fizzy drinks³³. Instead, eating lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables is recommended to help control symptoms.

Good nutrition is key for those with ulcerative colitis³³. Studies show that what we eat affects how the condition develops and how well it is managed³³. Eating poorly can make symptoms worse and affect health outcomes³³.

Some food additives and artificial sweeteners might cause inflammation, making a diet based on whole foods important³³. Eating certain foods too often can also lead to inflammation³³. A dietitian can help create a meal plan that meets your needs and ensures you get all the nutrients you need, even when you’re sick or in remission.

Nutrition Considerations for Ulcerative Colitis

When you’re having a flare-up, you might need more protein to help your body heal³³. It’s important to drink plenty of water, eat nutrient-rich foods, and increase your protein intake³³. But, it’s also important not to cut out too many foods to avoid not getting enough nutrients³³.

When you’re in remission, you might need to adjust the texture of foods with fiber³³. Eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, and whole grains is good for your gut health³³. This helps you get all the nutrients you need and supports your overall health.

Nutrient	Importance for Ulcerative Colitis	Common Deficiencies
Protein	Increased needs during flares to support healing	Protein losses from inflammation, diarrhea, and malabsorption
Calcium and Vitamin D	Essential for bone health, which can be impacted by medications and malabsorption	Many adults, including those with UC, do not consume enough
Folate and Vitamin B12	Required for red blood cell production and DNA synthesis	Malabsorption from medications like sulfasalazine
Iron	Needed to prevent anemia, which is common in UC	Blood loss from inflammation and diarrhea

Keeping a balanced and nutrient-rich diet is crucial for people with ulcerative colitis. Working with healthcare professionals can help create a personalized nutrition plan. This plan can help manage symptoms, prevent complications, and support overall well-being³³³⁴³⁵.

“Proper nutrition is crucial for individuals living with ulcerative colitis. A balanced, whole-food-based diet can make a significant difference in managing symptoms and supporting overall health.”

Ulcerative Colitis Medications

Types, Side Effects, and Considerations

Managing ulcerative colitis often means picking the right medications for each person. These can be put into different groups, each with its own way of working, benefits, and side effects.

Aminosalicylates like balsalazide, mesalamine, olsalazine, and sulfasalazine are often the first choice for mild to moderate flare-ups. They help reduce inflammation and are effective for many people³⁶³⁷.

Corticosteroids are used for more severe cases of ulcerative colitis. They help lessen inflammation but can have side effects like weight gain, high blood pressure, and a higher chance of infections³⁶³⁷.

If aminosalicylates or corticosteroids don’t work well, doctors might suggest immunomodulators. These include azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus. They calm down an overactive immune system that can cause ulcerative colitis³⁷.

Recently, a new type of drug called targeted synthetic small molecules has been approved for severe cases. These drugs target specific parts of the inflammatory process, offering a more precise treatment³⁶³⁷.

Biologic therapies are also available for those with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. They include adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, golimumab, infliximab, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab. These medications focus on certain proteins or cells in the immune system³⁶³⁷.

Even though these medications work well, they can have side effects like liver damage, skin cancers, lymphoma, infections, kidney issues, gout, and high blood pressure³⁸. It’s important to be closely monitored by doctors when taking these drugs.

Choosing and adjusting ulcerative colitis medications is a team effort between the patient and their healthcare team. Things like how severe the disease is, how well previous treatments worked, and how well the body can handle the medication will help decide the best treatment plan.

Conclusion

Ulcerative colitis is a complex condition that affects both the body and mind³⁹. While finding a cure is not possible, new research and treatments help many people manage their symptoms³⁹. Working together with doctors and making progress in science is key to tackling this disease.

The number of people with inflammatory bowel disease, like ulcerative colitis, is going up worldwide⁴⁰⁴¹. Researchers are getting closer to understanding what causes it, looking at genes and environment⁴⁰⁴¹. There are now more ways to treat it, helping patients control symptoms and lower the risk of serious problems like cancer⁴¹.

As doctors keep finding new ways to treat ulcerative colitis, it’s important for patients to stay connected with their healthcare team³⁹⁴⁰⁴¹. By keeping up with the latest research and working with their doctors, people with ulcerative colitis can better manage their condition. This helps improve their life quality³⁹⁴⁰⁴¹.

FAQ

What is ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon’s lining. It’s a type of inflammatory bowel disease.

What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

Symptoms include diarrhea, often with blood or pus, and abdominal pain. People may also feel tired and lose weight.

What causes ulcerative colitis?

The exact cause is still unknown. It might be related to an abnormal immune response or genetics.

Who is at risk for developing ulcerative colitis?

Those at higher risk include certain ages, ethnicities, and those with a family history of the disease.

What are the different types of ulcerative colitis?

There are several types, like proctitis and pancolitis. Each type affects different parts of the colon.

How is ulcerative colitis diagnosed?

Doctors use endoscopies, biopsies, blood tests, and imaging to diagnose it.

What are the treatment options for ulcerative colitis?

Treatments include medications, surgery, and changes to diet.

What are the potential complications of ulcerative colitis?

Complications include bleeding, anemia, dehydration, and a higher risk of colon cancer.

How can people with ulcerative colitis manage their condition?

Managing it means identifying triggers, eating well, managing stress, and sticking to medication.

How does ulcerative colitis affect pregnancy and children?

It can be challenging for pregnant women and children. They need special care and attention.

What advancements are being made in ulcerative colitis research?

Researchers are finding new causes and treatments, like biologics and JAK inhibitors.

How does ulcerative colitis impact mental health?

It can affect mental health by causing anxiety, depression, and stress due to symptoms and limitations.

What role does diet play in managing ulcerative colitis?

Diet doesn’t cause the disease but can help manage symptoms. Working with a dietitian is helpful.

What types of medications are used to treat ulcerative colitis?

Medications include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, biologics, and targeted therapies. Each has its own effects and side effects.

Source Links

Ulcerative colitis – https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ulcerative-colitis
Ulcerative colitis – Symptoms and causes – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353326
Who’s At Risk for Ulcerative Colitis? – https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/uc-who-is-at-risk
Overview of Ulcerative Colitis – https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/overview
Ulcerative Colitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459282/
Ulcerative colitis – https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ulcerative-colitis/
Symptoms & Causes of Ulcerative Colitis – NIDDK – https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes
Ulcerative Colitis – https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/ulcerative-colitis
Types of Ulcerative Colitis – https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/ulcerative-colitis-types
Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis – NIDDK – https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis/diagnosis
Ulcerative colitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353331
Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosis and Testing – https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/diagnosis-testing
Ulcerative Colitis Treatment Options – https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/treatment-options
Ulcerative colitis – Treatment – https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ulcerative-colitis/treatment/
Ulcerative Colitis Treatment Options – https://www.crohnsandcolitis.com/ulcerative-colitis/treatment-options
Ulcerative colitis – Complications – https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ulcerative-colitis/complications/
Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prognosis of ulcerative colitis in adults – https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-prognosis-of-ulcerative-colitis-in-adults
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – Symptoms and causes – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/inflammatory-bowel-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353315
PDF – https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/living-with-ulcerative.pdf
Living With Ulcerative Colitis | Pfizer – https://www.pfizer.com/news/articles/living_with_ulcerative_colitis
Ulcerative colitis and pregnancy: What is the link? – https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325184
Ulcerative Colitis and Pregnancy – https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/uc-pregnancy-faqs
Pregnancy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836574/
Ulcerative Colitis in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia – https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/ulcerative-colitis-in-children
ulcerative colitis in children and young people – https://www.cicra.org/what-is-ibd/ulcerative-colitis/
Diagnosing Ulcerative Colitis in Children – https://www.nyulangone.org/conditions/ulcerative-colitis-in-children/diagnosis
Ulcerative colitis research update – https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/research-update-ulcerative-colitis
Clinical Trials for Ulcerative Colitis – NIDDK – https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis/clinical-trials
Bioengineered approach shows promise in ulcerative colitis – https://www.utsouthwestern.edu/newsroom/articles/year-2024/jan-bioengineered-approach-ulcerative-colitis.html
Ulcerative Colitis and Your Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety, Stress – https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/ulcerative-colitis-mental-health
What to know about ulcerative colitis and your mental health – https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ulcerative-colitis-and-mental-health-link
Ulcerative Colitis and Your Mental Health – https://health.clevelandclinic.org/taking-care-of-your-mental-health-is-a-key-piece-of-the-ibd-puzzle
What Should I Eat? – https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/diet-and-nutrition/what-should-i-eat
16178–Nutrition and Ulcerative Colitis (patient handout view) – http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/docs/per/nutrition-and-ulcerative-colitis/handout_view_patient/@@getDocument
Nutrition Tips for Inflammatory Bowel Disease – https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/nutrition-tips-for-inflammatory-bowel-disease
Medication Options for Ulcerative Colitis – https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/medication
Ulcerative Colitis Treatments and Surgery – https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/digestive-diseases-ulcerative-colitis-treatment
Which Prescription Drugs Treat Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis? – https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/uc-medicines
Ulcerative Colitis – an overview – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/ulcerative-colitis
Ulcerative colitis: Recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7194476/
Ulcerative Colitis in Adults—A Review – https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2809412

July 3, 2024