Understanding Yeast Infections: Causes and Treatment

Did you know that 75% of women will get a yeast infection at some point¹? These infections happen when the candida fungus grows too much. They cause itching, burning, and a thick, white discharge. Yeast infections aren’t STIs but can spread between partners during sex¹. Knowing how to handle these infections is key for keeping your vagina healthy.

Key Takeaways

• Yeast infections are a common fungal infection affecting up to 75% of women¹²
• Factors that increase the risk of yeast infections include antibiotic use, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, and a weakened immune system³²
• Treatment options include over-the-counter and prescription antifungal medications, with longer courses recommended for recurrent infections¹
• Preventive measures like wearing cotton underwear, avoiding douching, and controlling blood sugar levels can help reduce the risk of yeast infections¹³
• Probiotic supplements and certain medications like Oteseconazole (Vivjoa) may also help manage recurrent yeast infections¹

What is a Yeast Infection?

A yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, happens when the candida fungus grows too much in the vagina⁴. This fungus is usually found in small amounts in the vagina, mouth, and intestines⁵. When the balance of good and bad bacteria in the vagina changes, the candida fungus can grow out of control, causing an infection⁴.

Candida and Vaginal Yeast Infections

Candida is the scientific name for the yeast that causes vaginal yeast infections⁵. It’s normal to have some Candida in the vagina, but too much can cause an infection⁴. Things like birth control pills, antibiotics, pregnancy, diabetes, HIV, and tight synthetic clothes can upset the balance in the vagina and cause yeast infections⁴.

Symptoms of a Yeast Infection

Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection include itching, burning, redness, and a thick, white discharge that doesn’t smell⁴. You might also feel pain when you pee or have sex⁶. Yeast infections are a common cause of vaginal discharge in the U.S⁴..

“It’s normal to have a small amount of Candida in the vagina, mouth, and lower intestinal tract.”⁵

Yeast infections can be uncomfortable but are usually not a big health worry. But, they can turn into more serious issues if not treated. If you think you have a yeast infection, see a doctor, especially if it’s your first time or if it keeps coming back⁶⁴⁵.

Yeast Infection Causes

Yeast infections, especially in the vagina, happen when the yeast candida grows too much⁷. Things like changing hormone levels, antibiotics, and pregnancy can make the vagina more likely to get yeast infections⁷. Men can also get yeast infections, but it’s not as common⁷.

Factors That Increase Yeast Infection Risk

Yeast infections happen when yeast grows too much on the skin or inside the body⁸. People at higher risk include babies, those with dentures, and those with health issues like HIV or diabetes⁸. Most women will get a yeast infection at some point, and some may get them often⁹.

Things like skin damage, warm places, and weak immune systems can cause yeast infections⁸. In men, yeast infections can make the penis red, itchy, and cause discharge⁹.

Yeast infections aren’t STDs and can’t be spread from person to person. But, they can happen because of a reaction to someone else’s genital yeast and bacteria⁷.

Women with yeast infections may have thick discharge, itchiness, and redness in the vagina⁷. They might also feel pain during sex and have sores in the vaginal area⁷. Men can get yeast infections too, causing redness and itchiness on the penis⁷.

“Monitoring symptoms like warm, reddened skin or drainage is important to avoid secondary bacterial infections.”⁸

It’s key to finish all your medicine, even if you feel better early⁷. Don’t have sex or put anything in your vagina until it’s all cleared up⁷. Try not to scratch to avoid more irritation⁷.

If your symptoms don’t go away after a week, you should talk to a doctor⁷⁸⁹.

Yeast Infection vs. Bacterial Vaginosis

Yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are common vaginal infections with different causes and symptoms. Yeast infections happen when the candida fungus grows too much. BV is caused by an imbalance in the vagina’s natural bacteria¹⁰. Knowing the differences between them is important for the right diagnosis and treatment.

Yeast infections and BV share some similar symptoms, but they’re not the same. Yeast infections have a thick, white, and odorless discharge. BV causes a thin, gray, and bad-smelling discharge¹⁰. Yeast infections can also make the vagina and vulva itch, burn, and turn red. BV usually doesn’t cause these symptoms¹¹.

BV is the most common cause of vaginal inflammation, making up about 40-50% of cases¹⁰. Yeast infections are responsible for around 20-25% of cases¹⁰. The rest are due to other infections like trichomoniasis, affecting 15-20% of cases¹⁰.

What increases the risk of getting yeast infections and BV differs. Yeast infections happen when the vagina’s balance of microorganisms is upset, letting Candida grow too much¹⁰. BV is linked to things like douching, smoking, having many sexual partners, and lacking Lactobacillus bacteria¹⁰.

How you treat yeast infections and BV is different. Yeast infections usually get better with over-the-counter antifungal meds. BV often needs prescription antibiotics like clindamycin, tinidazole, or metronidazole¹⁰. Sometimes, special antifungal treatments are needed if regular meds don’t work because of resistant Candida strains¹⁰.

In summary, yeast infections and BV are different conditions needing different treatments. Knowing the differences is key to managing and preventing them¹⁰¹¹¹².

“Understanding the differences between yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis is key to finding the right treatment and preventing recurrences.”

Are Yeast Infections Contagious?

Yeast infections are common, affecting millions yearly. They can be uncomfortable but aren’t highly contagious. However, they can spread through certain contacts¹³.

The fungus causing yeast infections can spread during sex¹³. About 15 percent of men might get a penile yeast infection from an infected partner¹³. Oral sex can also spread yeast, causing thrush in the mouth¹³. Babies can get thrush from their mothers while breastfeeding, and mothers can also get infections this way¹³.

Yeast infections aren’t considered STIs because they can happen without sex¹⁴. Most are caused by Candida albicans, a fungus that’s usually in our bodies¹⁴. To prevent spreading, avoid sharing towels or underwear¹³.

Seeing a gynecologist is a good idea if you get more than four yeast infections a year¹³. To prevent them, wear cotton underwear, avoid scented products, and use warm water for cleaning¹³. Antibiotics aren’t usually needed, but probiotics can help keep your body balanced if you do need them¹³.

In summary, yeast infections can spread through contact but aren’t highly contagious. Good hygiene and seeing a doctor for recurring infections can help manage and prevent them¹⁴.

It’s best to talk to a healthcare professional for advice on yeast infections¹⁵. Things like a weak immune system, being overweight, diabetes, or using antibiotics too much can make you more likely to get one¹⁴. Knowing how yeast infections spread and taking steps to prevent it can help you stay healthy and avoid getting or spreading them.

Yeast infections can be tough and uncomfortable. But, knowing how they spread and taking steps to prevent it can help you manage your health. Good hygiene, seeing a doctor when needed, and following treatment advice can lower the risk of getting or spreading yeast infections¹⁵¹³¹⁴.

Diagnosing a Yeast Infection

Diagnosing a yeast infection often means a check-up and a sample of vaginal discharge¹⁶. Your doctor will look at the area and might take a swab for lab tests¹⁶. This helps confirm the fungus and rule out other causes like bacterial vaginosis or infections from sex¹⁶. Getting it right is key for the right treatment.

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, past treatments, and your health habits during the visit¹⁶. Being ready with this info helps get a correct diagnosis and treatment¹⁶.

Tests may vary based on the type and location of the yeast infection¹⁷. For vaginal infections, a pelvic exam and a sample of vaginal discharge are done¹⁷. Oral thrush gets checked by looking at the mouth and possibly scraping cells¹⁷. Skin or nail infections might need a scraping for a fungal culture¹⁷.

At-home tests can hint at a yeast infection, but they’re not always sure¹⁷. It’s best to see a doctor for a clear diagnosis, especially to tell it apart from other diseases¹⁷.

“Vaginitis is usually not a major health problem, but if left untreated, it can become serious.”¹⁸

Getting a doctor’s help is key for a correct diagnosis and treatment of a yeast infection¹⁸. With the right treatment, you can manage it and stop it from getting worse¹⁶.

Don’t share or use old meds, and finish the full treatment to avoid more infections¹⁸. While treating, don’t put anything in the vagina except what your doctor says, and don’t have sex until you’re better¹⁸.

If you keep getting yeast infections, you need to talk to a doctor to find out why and get the right treatment¹⁶. With the right care, you can handle it and stop future problems¹⁶¹⁷¹⁸.

Treating Yeast Infections

Yeast infections are common and many women will face them at some point¹⁹. Luckily, there are many treatment options, both over-the-counter and prescription.

Over-the-Counter Treatments

For mild to moderate yeast infections, you can use over-the-counter creams, ointments, or suppositories¹⁹. These products have ingredients like clotrimazole or miconazole. They can help in 1 to 7 days¹⁹. They are easy to get and use for many women.

Prescription Medications

For severe or recurring yeast infections, you might need prescription meds¹⁹. Doctors can prescribe oral antifungals like fluconazole (Diflucan) or ibrexafungerp (Brexafemme)¹⁹. These are stronger than over-the-counter options, especially for those with weak immune systems or diabetes¹⁹.

Pregnant women should usually use topical treatments instead of oral ones¹⁹. The safety of oral antifungals during pregnancy is not fully known.

“An estimated 75% of women will experience at least one episode of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC), and 40%–45% of women with VVC will have two or more episodes.”²⁰

If you get yeast infections often, you might need to take oral fluconazole weekly for 6 months²⁰. Also, boric acid vaginally for three weeks can clear up non-albicans VVC in about 70% of cases²⁰.

The best treatment for a yeast infection depends on how bad it is, your health history, and what your doctor and you prefer²¹¹⁹²⁰.

Recurrent Yeast Infections

Some people, especially those with weak immune systems or uncontrolled diabetes, often face recurring yeast infections. This issue, known as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), means getting four or more yeast infections in a year²²²³. Taking birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and wearing tight clothes can make these infections more likely²².

To fight RVVC, doctors might suggest a longer antifungal treatment or a weekly pill like fluconazole for up to 6 months to prevent more infections²². Oteseconazole (Vivjoa) is now approved for postmenopausal or infertile women with recurring yeast infections²².

For over 90% of women, symptoms of recurring yeast infections clear up after 14 days of treatment²². Yet, 53% to 63% of women may get another infection after stopping treatment²². In these cases, more tests might be needed to find out why infections keep happening, like diabetes or HIV²³.

Keeping the vagina healthy and practicing good hygiene can prevent yeast infections from coming back. Wearing cotton underwear, showering daily, and cleaning clothes and towels can help²³. Probiotics or foods like yogurt with live cultures can also help keep the vagina balanced and prevent infections²³.

In summary, dealing with recurring or chronic yeast infections can be tough. But, the right treatment, lifestyle changes, and prevention can help manage and lower the chance of getting them again²²²⁴²³.

If you keep getting yeast infections, it’s key to see a healthcare professional for the right diagnosis and treatment. They can figure out the cause and create a plan just for you.

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Yeast Infection During Pregnancy

Yeast infections are common during pregnancy because of hormonal changes that affect the vagina’s pH balance²⁵. Symptoms include itching and a thick, white discharge like cottage cheese²⁵. Over-the-counter treatments like Clotrimazole and Miconazole are safe and don’t increase the risk of birth defects²⁵. But, oral fluconazole should be avoided in the first trimester²⁵. A seven-day treatment is best for clearing up the infection²⁵. Always talk to your healthcare provider before starting treatment to confirm it’s a yeast infection²⁵.

Pregnancy makes women more likely to get yeast infections because of hormonal changes that help yeast grow²⁶. Changes in vaginal pH can also lead to yeast overgrowth²⁶. Untreated gestational diabetes raises the risk of yeast infections too²⁶. Some doctors treat all pregnant women to prevent thrush in newborns, more common in Europe than the U.S²⁶.

Symptoms of yeast infections in pregnancy include itching, burning, redness, and a discharge like cottage cheese²⁶. Trying to diagnose yeast infections yourself can lead to wrong treatments, as normal discharge can be mistaken for an infection²⁶. A wet prep test or culture test by an OBGYN can accurately diagnose a yeast infection by looking for yeast and hyphae in the discharge²⁶.

Antifungal creams or suppositories like clotrimazole are used to treat yeast infections during pregnancy, but oral fluconazole is avoided due to risks to the baby²⁶. Remedies like cold compresses, warm baths, and wearing cotton underwear can help with the discomfort²⁶. Good hygiene and loose clothing can also prevent yeast infections during pregnancy²⁶.

Some women try adding yogurt with probiotics to their diet, but there’s not enough evidence to support it for preventing yeast infections during pregnancy²⁶. The CDC recommends using 7-day topical treatments for yeast infections during pregnancy because they are the safest²⁷. Monistat works faster than the leading prescription option and comes with 7 applicators for easy use²⁷. Not treating the area could lead to inflammation and the risk of a bacterial infection from scratching²⁷.

Preventing Yeast Infections

Yeast infections can’t always be stopped, but you can lower your risk with lifestyle changes. Simple steps can keep your vagina healthy and stop yeast from growing too much.

Lifestyle Tips to Prevent Yeast Infections

• Wear breathable, cotton underwear to keep the genital area dry and prevent moisture buildup²⁸.
• Avoid tight-fitting clothing, which can trap heat and moisture and create an ideal environment for yeast growth²⁹.
• Use unscented feminine products, such as pads and tampons, to minimize irritation and disruption of the vaginal pH³⁰.
• Practice good hygiene, including wiping from front to back and avoiding douching, which can disrupt the natural balance of vaginal bacteria³⁰.
• Consume probiotic-rich foods, like yogurt, or take probiotic supplements containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, which may help prevent recurrent yeast infections²⁸²⁹.
• Manage underlying medical conditions, such as uncontrolled diabetes, that can increase the risk of yeast infections²⁹.
• Avoid excessive use of antibiotics, which can disrupt the balance of good and bad bacteria in the body²⁹.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management, as these factors can impact the body’s immune system and susceptibility to infections²⁹.

By making these lifestyle changes, you can prevent yeast infections and keep your vagina healthy²⁸²⁹³⁰.

“Most individuals with a vulva and vagina experience a yeast infection at some point in their lifetime.”²⁸

Yeast infections can be annoying, but there are many ways to prevent them. By changing your daily routine and listening to your body, you can lower your risk of getting a yeast infection²⁸²⁹³⁰.

Yeast Infection in Women

Who Gets Yeast Infections?

Up to 75% of women will get a yeast infection at some point in their lives³¹. These infections can happen at any age, but are most common between puberty and menopause. Things like antibiotics, pregnancy, diabetes, and a weak immune system can make getting a yeast infection more likely³¹. Even though they’re not STIs, they can spread between partners during sex³¹.

About 5 to 9 percent of women get yeast infections often, meaning three or more times a year³². For some, taking certain antibiotics can lead to more infections³². Women with diabetes, especially those who don’t manage their sugar well, are more likely to get these infections³².

Almost 20 percent of all women and 30 percent of pregnant women have Candida in their vaginas³³. Being pregnant can make it easier for Candida to grow and cause infections³³. For women with type 2 diabetes, yeast infections are a common problem³³.

Men can get yeast infections too, in their genital areas, mouths, and other parts³³. Around 3%-11% of men and people assigned male at birth will get a yeast infection. About 1 in 30 uncircumcised men might also get one³¹.

It’s important to see a doctor if you’re not sure what’s causing your symptoms. They can tell you if it’s a yeast infection or something else, like an STD³¹³²³³.

Yeast Infection Risk Factors

Many things can make you more likely to get a vaginal yeast infection. Antibiotics are a big one because they mess with the balance of bacteria in your vagina³⁴. Being pregnant is another risk because of the hormonal changes³⁵. If you have diabetes that’s not under control, it can also help yeast grow and spread³⁵³⁶.

Having a weak immune system, like from certain meds or HIV, can also raise your risk³⁴³⁵. Your choices in life, like wearing tight clothes, using scented products, and not staying clean, can also lead to yeast infections³⁵.

• Antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, leading to a higher risk of yeast infections³⁴.
• Increased estrogen levels, such as during pregnancy or when taking high-dose estrogen birth control pills, can also increase the risk of yeast infections³⁵³⁶.
• Individuals with impaired immune systems, such as those with HIV or undergoing cancer treatment, are more susceptible to yeast infections³⁴³⁵³⁶.
• Uncontrolled diabetes can create a favorable environment for yeast growth, leading to a higher risk of yeast infections³⁵³⁶.

Knowing about these risk factors is key. You can lower your chances of getting a yeast infection by staying clean, wearing loose clothes, and seeing a doctor if you keep getting symptoms.

³⁴³⁵³⁶

Conclusion

About 75 out of 100 women will get a yeast infection at some point in their lives³⁷. These infections happen when the candida fungus grows too much. Symptoms include itching, burning, redness, and a thick, white discharge.

Using antibiotics, being pregnant, having diabetes, or a weak immune system can make getting a yeast infection more likely³⁷. These infections are the second most common cause of vaginal problems, after bacterial infections³⁷. To prevent them, keep yourself clean, wear breathable underwear, and avoid scented products³⁸.

There are treatments for yeast infections, like over-the-counter and prescription medicines³⁷. But some people might get infections that keep coming back, needing ongoing care³⁷. Pregnant women with infections could face risks like premature labor, miscarriage, or premature birth³⁷.

In short, yeast infections are common but can be treated. Knowing what causes them, the risks, and how to prevent them helps keep the vagina healthy³⁷³⁸.

Most of the time, yeast infections don’t lead to serious problems. But if they keep happening, or if you have a weak immune system, you should see a doctor³⁷. With the right treatment and advice from doctors, you can handle and prevent yeast infections³⁷³⁹³⁸.

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